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Dyeing is the process of dyeing fiber materials into color. It makes the entire textile a colored object by means of a physicochemical or chemical combination of the dye with the fiber, or by chemically forming a dye on the fiber. Dyeing products not only require uniform color, but also good dye fastness.
一、Overview of dyeing theory
When the fiber is immersed in an aqueous dye solution at a certain temperature, the dye moves from the aqueous phase to the fiber, and the amount of the dye in the water gradually decreases, and after a certain period of time, the equilibrium state is reached. The dye that is reduced in water is the dye that moves onto the fiber. The phenomenon in which such a dye is incorporated into a fiber is called dyeing.
二、Dyeing process
1. Adsorption: When the fiber is put into the dye bath, the dye first diffuses to the surface of the fiber and then gradually transfers from the solution to the surface of the fiber. This process is called adsorption.
2. Diffusion: The dye adsorbed on the surface of the fiber diffuses into the interior of the fiber until the dye concentration in each part of the fiber tends to be uniform.
3. Fixation: It is the process of combining dyes with fibers. The combination of dyes and fibers varies.
三、Color fastness The color fastness refers to the ability of a dyed fabric or pigment to maintain its original color state under the influence of various external factors during use or during subsequent processing.
The color fastness is multi-faceted. Generally speaking, the main ones include: sun, soap, sweat, friction, brushing, ironing, smoke and other fastness.
To assess the dye fastness of the dye, the textile should be dyed to the specified color density for comparison. This is because the dyeing concentration is different and the measured fastness will be different. The test methods for the dyeing fastness of dyed fabrics shall be carried out in accordance with the methods prescribed by the State. The standards for the fastness shall also be subject to the national standards.
